The+Cold+War...the+early+years

-Policy of the US which used military, economic, and diplomatic strategies. -These strategies would stall communism, improved America's security, and it would also have influence abroad - It would lastly stop a "domino effect" || || -American program to aid Europe -US sent financial support - the support helped rebuild the European economies - this stopped the spread of Communism || || -one of the very first big international crises of Cold War - First that had casualities -June 24th, 1948- May 12th, 1949 -Soviets blocked Western Allies railway and road that let them get to the sectors of Berlin, the Part of Berlin that was under Allied control - this was to make the western powers allow the Soviets to supply Berlin with food and fuel which would give the Soviets pretty much control over the whole city -Western Allies responded by organizing the Berlin Airlift -Berlin Airlift carried supplies to the people in Western Berlin -United Kingdom's Royal Airforce and the US Airforce flew more than 200,000 flights over the course of just one year -this provided 4700 tons of fuel and food to the Berliners || -All major social programs are run by the state -Services come with the cost of many freedoms -Power emanates form the central leadership || || **No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** -U.S. policy towards Korea changed caused by fear of expanding communism in Asia. || -Has it's origins known as the "Second Red Scare" -Thousands of Americans were being accused of being communists -The most famous examples of McCarthyism include the speeches of senator McCarthy himself. || ||
 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:turningpoints2010:yalta.jpg align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS**
 * - The United Nations were used by the United States to stop the communists from entering South Korea**
 * -General Douglas Macarthur was the commander in chief of all UN forces.**
 * -Macarthur landed his troops at Inchonm, a port behind North Korean lines.**
 * - very dangerous plan, but it was succesful**
 * -The North Koreans retreated against the 38th parallel.**
 * -UN went beyond the 38th parrellel, heading towards Yahu River, boundary separating China from North Korea.**
 * -Chinese warned them to stop**
 * -Chinese forces drove the UN back to South Korea** ||
 * **CONTAINMENT**
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE**
 * -Policy created by Truman on March 12,1946**
 * -said that the US would support Greece and Turkey with military and economic aid**
 * -this would stop their falling into the Soviet sphere** ||
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN**
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:airlift.jpg align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT**
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT**
 * -Informal name for** **Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance**
 * -Mutual defense treaty**
 * -Established at USSR's initiative**
 * -Realized on May 14, 1955 in Warsaw** || [[image:turningpoints2010:nato.png align="center" caption="nato.png"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC**
 * -Fear of communism that U.S. experienced twice during the 20th century**
 * -First one from 1919-1920, fear of labor strikes and protest movements**
 * -Blamed on Communists and other radicals**
 * -Second one in 1940-1950s**
 * -Americans were concerned with rise of communism**
 * -Rosenberg Trial came at height of Red Scare**
 * -Rosenberg Trial created a lot of tension in the U.S.**
 * -Charges of Communist infiltration** ||
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA** -Founded in 1948 under Mao Zedong
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR**
 * **MCCARTHYISM** -The practice of making accusations of disloyalty without proper regard for evidence.
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:1sputnik.jpg align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE**
 * -Competition between the USSR and the U.S.**
 * -For supremacy in outer-space exploration**
 * -Efforts to launch artificial satellites, and human space flight around earth**
 * -USSR launched "Sputnik 1"**
 * -The Space Race accelerated scientific advancements** ||